According to Jeffrey Arnett, what are key characteristics of emerging adulthood?

Jeffrey Arnett's concept of emerging adulthood describes a developmental period that typically occurs between the late teens and mid-twenties, characterized by significant exploration and self-focus. During this stage, individuals often engage in a variety of experiences and seek to discover their identities and life paths. They may explore different educational and career opportunities, as well as relational possibilities, which allows them to reflect on their values, priorities, and goals.

This focus on exploration is crucial, as emerging adults are often trying to figure out who they are outside of the frameworks of adolescence. The self-focused aspect highlights the tendency during this time for individuals to prioritize their own personal growth and development, rather than taking on conventional adult roles such as settling in a career or family life. This exploration, coupled with self-reflection, sets the foundation for their eventual path into full adulthood.

The other options do not accurately reflect the nature of emerging adulthood as defined by Arnett. Stability and routine are generally characteristic of later adulthood rather than this exploratory phase. Clear identity formation typically occurs further along in adulthood after the period of exploration has taken place. Immediate financial independence is also uncommon during emerging adulthood, as many individuals are still reliant on parental support or educational institutions while they navigate this transitional phase.