How does Kohlberg define "moral development"?

Kohlberg defines "moral development" as a progression in understanding right and wrong through moral reasoning. This concept emphasizes that individuals move through different levels of moral reasoning, which reflect their ability to think about ethical issues and the reasons behind their decisions. Kohlberg identified three main levels of moral development: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional, each consisting of two stages.

At the pre-conventional level, moral reasoning is primarily concerned with the direct consequences of actions, such as punishment or reward. The conventional level involves understanding societal norms and the importance of maintaining social order and relationships. Finally, at the post-conventional level, individuals develop their own moral principles that may transcend societal norms, focusing on justice and individual rights.

This approach highlights the cognitive aspects of moral reasoning and how it evolves over time, making it distinct from other aspects of psychological development that might focus on emotions, empathy, or social relationships.