How does the concept of crystallized intelligence differ from fluid intelligence?

The concept of crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, skills, and experiences gained throughout life. It is influenced by education, culture, and social interactions, which enhance an individual's ability to apply this information in various contexts. As people age, crystallized intelligence often remains stable or can even improve, as they continue to collect experiences and knowledge.

In contrast, fluid intelligence is concerned with the ability to solve new problems, think abstractly, and reason. It does not rely on prior knowledge; rather, it involves cognitive processes such as working memory and the capacity to manipulate information. Fluid intelligence tends to peak in early adulthood and may decline with age.

Thus, the correct answer highlights that crystallized intelligence is rooted in experience and learned knowledge, whereas fluid intelligence is more about innate abilities and problem-solving skills that do not depend on previous exposure or learning. This distinction is crucial in understanding how intelligence can be categorized and how it might change across different stages of life.