What are the three levels of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Kohlberg's stages of moral development are categorized into three distinct levels: Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional.

At the Pre-conventional level, moral reasoning is primarily based on personal consequences and individual needs. Children focus on obedience to avoid punishment and the pursuit of personal gain.

The Conventional level represents a stage where individuals start to internalize societal norms and values. At this level, moral reasoning is largely influenced by social expectations and the desire to maintain relationships and contribute to the welfare of society.

Lastly, the Post-conventional level reflects an understanding of universal ethical principles that can transcend laws and social agreements. Individuals at this stage recognize that there are higher principles of justice and human rights that need to be upheld, even if they conflict with rules or laws.

This classification illustrates an important development in moral reasoning that evolves from a self-centered view to one that is more about societal welfare and ultimately to a principled perspective that values universal ethical standards.