What does dual-process theory explain in terms of decision making?

Dual-process theory posits that human decision-making involves two distinct modes of thinking: intuitive and analytical. The intuitive process is fast, automatic, and often based on heuristics or gut feelings, allowing individuals to make quick judgments with minimal cognitive effort. In contrast, the analytical process is slower, more deliberate, and involves systematic reasoning and evaluation of information.

This theory helps to explain why people may arrive at different decisions in similar situations, as some may rely more heavily on intuition while others engage in more thorough analytical thinking. The interplay between these two modes allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how individuals navigate complex decisions, often switching between the two systems depending on the context or the nature of the choice at hand.

In the context of the other options, stating that all decisions follow a logical process or that there is only an intuitive decision-making process overlooks the complexity of human cognition. Additionally, asserting that emotions play no role ignores the significant influence feelings can have on both intuitive judgments and analytical reasoning. Thus, the recognition of both intuitive and analytical modes provides a fuller, more nuanced view of decision-making processes.