What theory suggests that social behavior is an attempt to maximize benefits and minimize costs?

Social exchange theory is a framework used to understand interpersonal relationships and social behavior based on the idea that individuals engage in social interactions to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs. This theory posits that social behavior is an exchange process where individuals calculate the potential benefits and drawbacks before engaging with others.

The central premise is that individuals seek to optimize their outcomes in relationships, whether those outcomes are emotional, financial, or social. When the perceived benefits outweigh the costs, individuals are more likely to engage in that behavior or maintain the relationship. Conversely, if the costs are perceived to be higher than the rewards, individuals may withdraw or reduce their involvement.

This theory helps explain various social dynamics, including friendships, romantic partnerships, and even professional relationships, by viewing them through the lens of a cost-benefit analysis. It effectively addresses why relationships develop, persist, or deteriorate based on the perceived value exchanged between individuals.

Other options, such as social bias theory, cognitive dissonance theory, and attachment theory, focus on different aspects of human behavior and social relationships. Social bias theory deals with prejudices and biases in social perception, cognitive dissonance theory addresses the discomfort individuals feel when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes, and attachment theory focuses on the emotional bonds that develop between