Who proposed the stages of cognitive development?

The stages of cognitive development were proposed by Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist known for his pioneering work in child development. Piaget's theory outlines a series of stages that children go through as they develop their ability to think, reason, and understand the world around them. His framework includes the sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage, each marked by distinct cognitive abilities and ways of interacting with their environment.

Piaget emphasized that children are active participants in their own learning and that their cognitive abilities unfold through a series of stages influenced by their experiences. This theory has had a profound impact on education and developmental psychology, shaping our understanding of how children learn and develop intellectually over time.

Other influential theorists, such as Lev Vygotsky, focused more on social interactions and cultural tools as a basis for development, while Sigmund Freud’s focus was primarily on psychosexual stages of development and Erik Erikson concentrated on psychosocial development across the lifespan. However, none of these theories specify cognitive stages in the way that Piaget's does, solidifying his contributions as foundational in the field of cognitive development.